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Administration & Society, Vol. 30, No. 6, 640-675 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/00953999922019030

Transforming the Mind-Set of the Organization

A Clinical Perspective

Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries

INSEAD, France

Katharina Balazs

INSEAD, France

In this article the processes of individual and organizational change—their characteristics and dynamics—are explored, and resemblances between personal and organizational change are highlighted using a clinical orientation. Factors such as a period of distress, a crystallization of discontent, a focal event, and a public declaration of intent are shown to play a role in both individual and organizational change. The process of working through the loss associated with change—a process that is made up of a number of predictable stages: shock, disbelief, discarding, and realization—is outlined. Social support, locus of control, and hardiness are introduced as factors facilitating the change process. Finally, a case study showcasing a company that experienced a dramatic transformation is presented to highlight some of the critical change variables and to show how top management can use many of the levers that make for a successful transformation and change program.


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This article has been cited by other articles:


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R. T. Golembiewski
Some Limitations of One "Clinical Approach"
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M. F. R. K. de Vries and K. Balazs
Creating the "Authentizotic" Organization: Corporate Transformation and its Vicissitudes--A Rejoinder
Administration Society, May 1, 1999; 31(2): 275 - 294.
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